What are the side effects of nitroprusside?

Side Effects

Chest pain or discomfort.
fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse.
lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting.
slow heartbeat.
trouble breathing.
unusual tiredness.

How does nitroprusside cause methemoglobinemia?

After parenteral injection, sodium nitroprusside enters red blood cells, where it receives an electron from the iron (Fe2+) of oxyhemoglobin. This nonenzymatic electron transfer results in an unstable nitroprusside radical and methemoglobin (Hgb Fe3+).

What are the most common adverse reactions for nitroprusside?

Common side effects of sodium nitroprusside include:

excessive low blood pressure,
abdominal pain,
apprehension,
sweating,
dizziness,
headache,
muscle twitching,
nausea,

How does nitroprusside cause cyanide toxicity?

Toxicity may occur with acute high-dose nitroprusside treatment or with prolonged infusions. Mechanism of toxicity. Nitroprusside is rapidly hydrolyzed (half-life, 11 minutes) and releases free cyanide, which normally is converted quickly to thiocyanate by rhodanase enzymes in the liver and blood vessels.

Does Nipride cause bradycardia?

Other adverse reactions reported are: Cardiovascular: Bradycardia, electrocardiographic changes, tachycardia. Dermatologic: Rash.

What are the effects of methemoglobinemia?

Methemoglobinemia, or methaemoglobinaemia, is a condition of elevated methemoglobin in the blood. Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, nausea, poor muscle coordination, and blue-colored skin (cyanosis). Complications may include seizures and heart arrhythmias.

How is Nipride metabolized?

One molecule of sodium nitroprusside is metabolized by combination with hemoglobin to produce one molecule of cyanmethemoglobin and four CN¯ ions, thiosulfate reacts with cyanide to produce thiocyanate, thiocyanate is eliminated in the urine.

What are the side effects of nicardipine?

What side effects can this medication cause?

headache.
upset stomach.
dizziness or lightheadedness.
excessive tiredness.
flushing.
numbness.
fast heartbeat.
muscle cramps.

What are the side effects of dobutamine?

Common side effects of dobutamine include:

increased heart rate and increased blood pressure,
ventricular ectopic activity,
nervousness,
headache,
nausea,
vomiting,
palpitations,
low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), or.

What is the mechanism of cyanide toxicity?

The mechanism of cyanide intoxication has been attributed to the inhibition of cytochrome oxidase, thereby decreasing the tissue utilization of oxygen.

What drugs can cause cyanide toxicity?

Iatrogenic exposure The vasodilator nitroprusside sodium, when used in high doses or over a period of days, can produce toxic blood concentrations of cyanide. Patients with low thiosulfate reserves (eg, malnourished, postoperative) are at increased risk for developing symptoms, even with therapeutic dosing.

What are the metabolic side effects of nitroprusside?

Metabolic side effects are potentially life-threatening. Nitroprusside metabolism involves the production of cyanide (CN), which may be extremely toxic. Cyanide is normally immediately converted by rhodanase to thiocyanate, which has 1% the toxicity of cyanide and is normally readily eliminated by the kidney.

How does nitroprusside cyanide affect the human body?

Nitroprusside Cyanide Toxicity. They can produce thiosulfate and its end product thiocyanate. Additionally, cyanide ions can bind cytochrome oxidase and ultimately inhibit oxidative metabolism, leading to cyanide toxicity. Organs most susceptible to the effects of loss of oxidative metabolism are the heart and brain.

Can you give thiosulfate with nitroprusside cyanide?

Nitroprusside Cyanide Toxicity. Additionally, thiosulfate can be given concomitantly with the nitroprusside. It is important to note that nitroprusside has multiple effects on organ systems. Given that nitroprusside relaxes arteriolar venous smooth muscle, there is a decrease in afterload as well as preload.

When is it safe to use sodium nitroprusside?

Sodium nitroprusside should be used only when available equipment and personnel allow blood pressure to be continuously monitored. Except when used briefly or at low (< 2 mcg/kg/min) infusion rates, sodium nitroprusside gives rise to important quantities of cyanide ion, which can reach toxic, potentially lethal levels (see

What are the side effects of nitroprusside?