Who coined the term endophytes?
Who coined the term endophytes?
INTRODUCTION. The term ‘endophytes’ (Greek: endon-within; phyton- plant) was first coined by de Bary (1886). Endophytes relationship with plant varies from symbiotic to pathogenic. Endophytes benefit host plant by preventing pathogenic organism from colonizing.
What is the meaning of endophytes?
Endophytes are organisms, often fungi and bacteria, that live between living plant cells. The relationship that they establish with the plant varies from symbiotic to bordering on pathogenic. As a result, the opportunity to find new and interesting endophytes among the myriad of plants is great.
Where do endophytes come from?
Most endophytes originate from environmental infection, although a number can be transmitted via seed or vegetative propagation. Here, we review how endophytes contribute to plant nutrient-use efficiency (NUE) and their current and potential applications to agriculture.
How many different means one can classify endophytes?
Endophytes include a wide variety of microorganisms including fungi, bacteria and viruses. There are two different means of classifying endophytes.
What do endophytes do?
Endophytes are microorganisms (bacteria or fungi or actinomycetes) that dwell within robust plant tissues by having a symbiotic association. They protect plants from herbivory by producing certain compounds which will prevent animals from further grazing on the same plant and sometimes act as biocontrol agents.
What have some endophytes been used for by humans?
Endophytes present themselves as a storehouse of many bioactive metabolites such as phenolic acids, alkaloids, quinones, steroids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids which makes them a promising candidate for anticancer, antimalarial, antituberculosis, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritis, and …
Are endophytes harmful to humans?
Importance to humans The secondary chemicals produced by endophytic fungi when associated with their host plants can be very harmful to mammals including livestock and humans, causing more than 600 million dollars in losses due to dead livestock every year.
What grasses have endophytes?
Endophytes occur in perennial ryegrass, turf-type tall fescue, Chewings fescue, hard fescue and creeping red fescue. Efforts to produce endophyte-enhanced Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentgrass have not been successful to date.
What is the role of endophytes in plants?
How are endophytes related to living plant cells?
Endophytes are organisms, often fungi and bacteria, that live between living plant cells. The relationship that they establish with the plant varies from symbiotic to bordering on pathogenic. Of all of the world’s plants, it seems that only a few grass species have had their complete complement of endophytes studied.
Why is endophyte research important to the world?
Endophyte research have been emerging boon and also privileged resource to identify the novel biopotential compounds. Researchers have revealed the challenges in various fields such as agriculture, industry, and medicine to fulfill the societal needs. The unfolding knowledge of traditional medicine were found through endophyte documentation.
Can a non-systemic endophyte become pathogenic to a plant?
Non-systemic endophytes have also been shown to become pathogenic to their host plants under stressful or resource limited growing conditions.
Where does the fungal endophyte get its energy from?
Fungal endophytes originate from the environment of the host plants where they reside, it includes the microorganisms, fungal spores, and feeding habits and processes of insects and animals around (Rodriguez et al., 2009; Sasse et al., 2017 ).
