What is used for transport in muscle cells?
What is used for transport in muscle cells?
ATP is used for two things in muscle cells: active transport of calcium (Ca++) and movement of motor proteins. In nerves, ATP is used mostly for active transport of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions but also drives secretion of neurotransmitter chemicals by the endomembrane system.
What pumps are used in active transport?
Some examples of pumps for active transport are Na+-K+ ATPase , which carries sodium and potassium ions, and H+-K+ ATPase, which carries hydrogen and potassium ions. Both of these are antiporter carrier proteins.
What is the main pump used in active transport?
During active transport, a protein pump uses energy, in the form of ATP, to move molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. An example of active transport is the sodium-potassium pump, which moves sodium ions to the outside of the cell and potassium ions to the inside of the cell.
What is P type pump?
P-type ATPases are α-helical bundle primary transporters named based upon their ability to catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation (hence P) of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump and their energy source, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
What are the two types of ATP driven pumps?
Pumps are energy transducers in that they convert one form of free energy into another. Two types of ATP-driven pumps, P-type ATPases and the ATP-binding cassette pumps, undergo conformational changes on ATP binding and hydrolysis that cause a bound ion to be transported across the membrane.
What is required for active transport?
During active transport, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is “active” because it requires the use of energy (usually in the form of ATP). It is the opposite of passive transport.
Why are p-type ATPases called so?
P-type ATPases are so named because their reaction mechanism proceeds via a phosphorylated protein intermediate. Detailed structural analysis of the calcium ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum has shown that the single polypeptide has three globular domains and 10 important transmembrane helices.
How are pumps involved in primary active transport?
Some pumps, which carry out primary active transport, couple directly with ATP to drive their action. In co-transport (or secondary active transport), energy from primary transport can move another substance into the cell and up its concentration gradient. (Figure) Injecting a potassium solution into a person’s blood is lethal.
Where does active transport take place in the cell?
Active transport of small molecular-size material uses integral proteins in the cell membrane to move the material—these proteins are analogous to pumps. Some pumps, which carry out primary active transport, couple directly with ATP to drive their action.
Which is an example of an active transport protein?
Some examples of pumps for active transport are Na + -K + ATPase, which carries sodium and potassium ions, and H + -K + ATPase, which carries hydrogen and potassium ions. Both of these are antiporter carrier proteins.
How is energy used in an active transport mechanism?
Active transport mechanisms require the use of the cell’s energy, usually in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). If a substance must move into the cell against its concentration gradient, that is, if the concentration of the substance inside the cell must be greater than its concentration in the extracellular fluid,…
How does the primary active transport system work?
Primary active transport moves ions across a membrane and creates a difference in charge across that membrane. The primary active transport system uses ATP to move a substance, such as an ion, into the cell, and often at the same time, a second substance is moved out of the cell.
How are ATP-powered pumps used to transport ions?
We turn now to the ATP-powered pumps that transport ions and various small molecules against their concentration gradients. The general structures of the four principal classes of these transport proteins are depicted in Figure 15-10, and their properties are summarized in Table 15-2.
How is the energy stored in ATP used in active transport?
Active transport uses energy stored in ATP to fuel the transport. Active transport of small molecular-size material uses integral proteins in the cell membrane to move the material—these proteins are analogous to pumps. Some pumps, which carry out primary active transport, couple directly with ATP to drive their action.
How does the sodium potassium pump work in an animal cell?
The sodium-potassium pump, an important pump in animal cells, expends energy to move potassium ions into the cell and a different number of sodium ions out of the cell (Figure 2). The action of this pump results in a concentration and charge difference across the membrane.
