How do you remove a dash panel on a Ford?
How do you remove a dash panel on a Ford?
Determine which panel you need to remove and slide your fingers into the air vent located in that panel. If you are removing the bezel around the stereo and environment controls, look to the bottom or top for a lip you can grip with your fingertips.
How do you remove the dash pad on a Mopar?
Also loosen two 7/16-inch nuts holding the steering column in place. It will drop down about 1/2-inch to provide a little more room to remove the gauge cluster. Remove the Phillips head screws from the metal panel under the front lip of the dash pad. Gently pull the panel down. Bag and label these for reinstallation.
What’s the best way to remove dash trim?
Set the trim aside that you removed in Step 3 and move on to the next piece, repeating Steps 2 and 3 until all necessary trim areas are removed. Reinstall the trim in the opposite manner of removal. You can gently pound the trim clips back into place with the side of your fist.
Where are Phillips head screws on Mopar dash pad?
Remove the Phillips head screws from the metal panel under the front lip of the dash pad. Gently pull the panel down. Bag and label these for reinstallation. This panel has the wiring and bulb housings that illuminate the gauges.
How do you take off a dash panel?
Give that footrest a hard pull and it will pop off exposing the cap. Unscrew the cap. Give the panel a little tug and it should pop off exposing a 10mm bolt facing the seat. Here is a pic of said bolt with the panel still on.
Also loosen two 7/16-inch nuts holding the steering column in place. It will drop down about 1/2-inch to provide a little more room to remove the gauge cluster. Remove the Phillips head screws from the metal panel under the front lip of the dash pad. Gently pull the panel down. Bag and label these for reinstallation.
How to view step by step complete dash disassembly?
Welcome to Tacoma World! You are currently viewing as a guest! To get full-access, you need to register for a FREE account . Step by step complete dash disassembly with pics.. Discussion in ‘ 2nd Gen. Tacomas (2005-2015) ‘ started by AZ2013, Dec 9, 2015 .
How to remove dash panel on Jeep Wrangler JK?
This is a short video on how to remove a 2007-2017 Jeep Wrangler JK dash panel/bezel. You may need to remove your Jeep Wangler dash for a multitude of reasons like, running wires, new radio, adding switches. Removing the dash cover makes it super easy to run wires and hide them like a pro! Loading…
How do you remove the dash from a car?
OK, remove the cover parts, upper and lower. Pull all plug from steering column, all have a different shape so have no worry. The yellow arrows show the 4 screw that hold the column to the dash, the upper one are safety screw, just use a Vise-Grip to remove those.
How do you remove the dash on a Vanagon?
Here, you seen all main screws to be remove. Don’t remove the bigger one, they are for the wipper ass. Snap off the center part, unscrew the main 24mm (i think!) main nuts, no need for a puller on a Vanagon. OK, remove the cover parts, upper and lower. Pull all plug from steering column, all have a different shape so have no worry.
How do you remove the dash from an Xbox One?
Remove all 4 screws (yellow arrow), the red arrows show stuff that will have to be remove from console. Pull all switch out, each side, all 4! Press the tab of the speedo cable and pull this one out of console. SLOWLY remove console, on the right side, remove main connector, the white one, pull on it.
Determine which panel you need to remove and slide your fingers into the air vent located in that panel. If you are removing the bezel around the stereo and environment controls, look to the bottom or top for a lip you can grip with your fingertips.
OK, remove the cover parts, upper and lower. Pull all plug from steering column, all have a different shape so have no worry. The yellow arrows show the 4 screw that hold the column to the dash, the upper one are safety screw, just use a Vise-Grip to remove those.
Here, you seen all main screws to be remove. Don’t remove the bigger one, they are for the wipper ass. Snap off the center part, unscrew the main 24mm (i think!) main nuts, no need for a puller on a Vanagon. OK, remove the cover parts, upper and lower. Pull all plug from steering column, all have a different shape so have no worry.
Remove all 4 screws (yellow arrow), the red arrows show stuff that will have to be remove from console. Pull all switch out, each side, all 4! Press the tab of the speedo cable and pull this one out of console. SLOWLY remove console, on the right side, remove main connector, the white one, pull on it.
How do you remove cigar lighter from dashboard?
Unplug the cigar lighter plug and then pull the panel away from the dash. Unscrew the instrument cluster from the dashboard using the Phillips-head screwdriver. Twist the cluster around so you can reach the connector on the back side. Unplug the connector and pull the cluster from the dashboard.
What’s the best way to reinstall trim?
Reinstall the trim in the opposite manner of removal. You can gently pound the trim clips back into place with the side of your fist. The trim clips have metal sheathes that rest on them to secure them inside the clip cavity. Make sure these sheathes are in place before reinstalling the trim panels.
How do I change the light behind the temperature control?
Once those components are removed, the temperature control unit can be removed and the light can be replaced. Turn the Toyota’s engine off. Use a slotted screwdriver to remove the clips from the central dashboard cover. Pry the cover off with the screwdriver.
Is it OK to remove the dash trim on a Ford?
Removing the dash trim on your Ford may seem like a task best left for professionals. With no visible fasteners and the breakable nature of plastic, many shy away from dash trim removal.
How can i dim the lights on my dashboard?
Begin the process by trying the simplest of solutions first. Most vehicles have a dashboard lights control switch that will dim the dashboard lights, as well as turn them off. Check the control switch, which should be located on the console near the steering column or part of the headlight switch.
What to do if your dash light does not work?
#Test the dashboard light bulbs. If the fuses are working properly, check for a blown bulb in the dashboard. Following the manufacturer’s instructions, disconnect the battery while working on the dash, remove the faceplate covering your vehicle’s dashboard gauge panel. Remove the screws holding the plate on. Carefully remove the faceplate.
Where is the control switch for the dashboard lights?
Most vehicles have a dashboard lights control switch that will dim the dashboard lights, as well as turn them off. Check the control switch, which should be located on the console near the steering column or part of the headlight switch. [ [Image:Fix Dashboard Lights That Won’t Light Step 1 Version 3.jpg|center]]
Where is the fuse on the dash light?
The fuse box may be under the hood, or near the floor, near the brake pedal, or there may be two fuse boxes in both places. Refer to the diagram on the fuse box cover to locate the correct fuse. Replace the dashboard light fuse if necessary. Note: also check if the tail lights are working.
What to do if your Ford dashboard light comes on?
Make an appointment with your local dealer as soon as possible. Charging System: If you’re driving while this light comes on, switch off all unnecessary electrical equipment that you may have running and get your vehicle checked by an authorized mechanic immediately.
What are the interior switches on a Ford F-150?
Only 1 left! 97-03 Ford Expedition F150 Dual Dimmer Headlight Switch w/ Auto Lamp Fog 4×4 svt (Fits: More than one vehicle) 2002-2003 FORD F-150 ANTI THEFT TRANSCEIVER IMMOBILIZER 3L3T-15607-AA OEM USED! (Fits: More than one vehicle)
Removing the dash trim on your Ford may seem like a task best left for professionals. With no visible fasteners and the breakable nature of plastic, many shy away from dash trim removal.
Set the trim aside that you removed in Step 3 and move on to the next piece, repeating Steps 2 and 3 until all necessary trim areas are removed. Reinstall the trim in the opposite manner of removal. You can gently pound the trim clips back into place with the side of your fist.
When does the Alexandria Transit Company ( dash ) start?
Beginning Monday, March 30, DASH will operate on an Enhanced Sunday Operating Plan weekdays and Saturdays in order to minimize the risk of spreading COVID-19 among our employees, riders and community. Alexandria Transit Company (DASH) has an exciting opportunity for anyone with a passion for public transit to become more involved in the community.
How to remove oval emblems from Ford Focus?
How- to: Remove oval ford emblems and replace with oem painted ones. Just wanted to do quick write up of the oval ford emblem removal with pictures. Tools you can use for the job. I just used the smallest flat head and the heat gun. You could use blow drier too just might take longer to heat up.
What to use to get the hood off a big block Ford?
Getting the hood off the car and safely stored is a two-person job at minimum. I recommend padding the area of the cowl vent (at the back of the hood in front of the windshield) with old blankets and using covers on both fenders to protect the paint.
Where can I buy a new Ford Explorer?
Call us toll free at 1-800-541-9352 to order The Ford Explorer has been a staple for the company and for people who drive SUVs for a long time. Ford makes both a smaller and a larger SUV that look basically the same, but the Explorer has a great following because of its mid-sized appeal.
What are the features of the Ford Explorer?
Some of the most impressive features on the latest generation Explorer include remote engine start, push button start, power adjustable pedals, active park assist, Ford SYNC by Microsoft, MyFord Touch, solar tined windshield with rain-sensing wipers and power lift gate.
How do you remove the dashboard on a 1964 Ford Thunderbird?
Next, remove the trim at the base of the center console.…and the lower trim panel on the passenger side. Parts of this are stapled on. In retrospect, this may be fine to leave in place:The left radio access panel comes off (Mine is riveted to the trim panel supporting the ignition switch. The manual says it’s screwed together.
Where can I buy a new dash panel?
Restoring the interior of your automobile is a meticulous process and you should take this question seriously and purchase only trustworthy products. Offering a great inventory of high-grade replacement products, CARiD is the ultimate shopping destination for your replacement needs. Here you can find a wide assortment of OE quality dash panels]
What’s the best way to remove dash panels?
If you are removing the bezel around the stereo and environment controls, look to the bottom or top for a lip you can grip with your fingertips. In extreme cases, you may need to use a flat head screwdriver, but this greatly increases your chances of damaging the trim.
How do you remove the dash from a Ford?
Slip your fingers into the vent or under the lip, if you are working on the bezel, and pull away from the dash firmly but gently. The trim clips holding that area to the dash will pop out suddenly so be careful not to pull back too far when the clips release.
Can you remove dash trim from a car?
With no visible fasteners and the breakable nature of plastic, many shy away from dash trim removal. However, if you find yourself in a situation where you must undertake the disassembly of your dash trim, with a few tricks executed with patience and care, you can have your dash trim removed in no time.
How to remove interior panels from your car?
Removing interior panels in your vehicle is easy when you use a fine touch and proper tools. Learn small tricks to removing any panel in your car or truck. EDM Detection Mode by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/…) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-…
How to disable the door ajar on Ford Explorer?
Here is a step by step approach to disabling the door ajar in your ford explorer. The first step is to locate the door with the door ajar malfunction. But how do you discover the door? Get into your car and turn the ignition on without starting the vehicle. Open the doors one by one to locate the faulty door.
Where is the ajar switch on a Ford Explorer?
Four are located in the driver’s door, passenger’s doors, right, and left rear door. The sensor works hand-in-hand with the ajar switch. The switch has a sort of plunger with a spring inside. The plunger compresses the spring when the door is closed and releases it when opened.
How to remove the upper dash dashboard pad on a 1997?
To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer. Bentleys auto parts sells clean, cold climate interior parts for your car or truck. We love doing how to videos, and reviews to help you with removing parts from your vehicle.
How to remove 1999-2003 F-150 F150 interior door panel?
HOW TO REMOVE 1999 – 2003 F-150 F150 INTERIOR DOOR PANEL PULL GRAB HANDLE ARM REST. REMOVAL An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later.
How do you remove the dash from a Ford F-150?
Use a wrench to open the clamp nut. Once you have removed the black wire, wrap insulating tape around it to prevent the risk of a short circuit. With a Phillips head screwdriver, remove the two screws which hold the driver’s-side knee bolster in place. The screws will be located at the bottom of the knee bolster.
Make an appointment with your local dealer as soon as possible. Charging System: If you’re driving while this light comes on, switch off all unnecessary electrical equipment that you may have running and get your vehicle checked by an authorized mechanic immediately.
What are the colors on the Ford dashboard?
There are three dashboard light colors on most dashboards: yellow, red, and orange (and, occasionally, blue or green). The most severe alerts are displayed in red or orange.
How to remove Ford dash and instrument cluster?
Removal Ford dash & instrument cluster 2002 -2005 – YouTube Trouble With Noisy Pipes? :06 – GEICO Insurance If playback doesn’t begin shortly, try restarting your device. Videos you watch may be added to the TV’s watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer.
How long does it take to repair a Mustang gauge cluster?
The 2005 to 2009 Mustang gauge clusters have common problems with the various gauges acting erratic, sticking, giving incorrect readings, or not working at all. We offer a 1-Business Day Turnaround on our 2005 through 2009 Mustang instrument cluster repair service for any factory model Mustang instrument cluster.
What kind of problems does a 2005 Mustang have?
Has your Mustang Speedometer, fuel gauge, tachometer, voltmeter, temperature, or oil pressure gauge (s) stopped working correctly? The 2005 to 2009 Mustang gauge clusters have common problems with the various gauges acting erratic, sticking, giving incorrect readings, or not working at all.
What is the part number for the Mustang instrument cluster?
2005 – 2009 Mustang Instrument Cluster part numbers are provided below for reference. If you do not see your part number listed, please call us 800-547-2049 . Our no-hassle warranty covers the functionality of your instrument cluster for life. If any part of our repair fails, we will repair it again.
The 2005 to 2009 Mustang gauge clusters have common problems with the various gauges acting erratic, sticking, giving incorrect readings, or not working at all. We offer a 1-Business Day Turnaround on our 2005 through 2009 Mustang instrument cluster repair service for any factory model Mustang instrument cluster.
Has your Mustang Speedometer, fuel gauge, tachometer, voltmeter, temperature, or oil pressure gauge (s) stopped working correctly? The 2005 to 2009 Mustang gauge clusters have common problems with the various gauges acting erratic, sticking, giving incorrect readings, or not working at all.
2005 – 2009 Mustang Instrument Cluster part numbers are provided below for reference. If you do not see your part number listed, please call us 800-547-2049 . Our no-hassle warranty covers the functionality of your instrument cluster for life. If any part of our repair fails, we will repair it again.
What kind of Dashboard does a Ford Escort have?
(Fits: Ford Escort) FORD ESCORT MK2 “GHIA” DASHBOARD WITH GLOVE COMPARTMENT – RARE ITEM TO FIND.
(Fits: Ford Escort) FORD ESCORT MK2 “GHIA” DASHBOARD WITH GLOVE COMPARTMENT – RARE ITEM TO FIND.
How long does it take to ship a Ford F250 dash cover?
Usually ships within 1 to 3 weeks. . Usually ships within 3 to 5 weeks. . . Only 1 left in stock – order soon. . Usually ships within 3 to 5 weeks. . . . . . Usually ships within 3 to 5 weeks.
When did the new Ford Contour come out?
Control Arm with Ball Joint Assembly, Front Lower Driver and… In addition to the collection of compact and mid-sized sedans already piling up in the automotive industry, the new Ford Contour arrived into the market in 1995 as an American counterpart of Ford Mondeo of the European market.
Are there any heater control switches left in stock?
Only 12 left in stock – order soon. . Only 7 left in stock – order soon. . Only 1 left in stock – order soon. . Only 3 left in stock – order soon. . . Only 16 left in stock – order soon. . . . Only 15 left in stock – order soon. . Only 14 left in stock – order soon.
Can you replace the dash on a 1997 Ford truck?
Removing the dash from a 1997 Ford truck is a necessary procedure if you wish to install replacement dash lights on the instrument panel or even place a new radio into the truck. It is a long process and requires quite a few tools, but it is fairly straightforward.
Removing the dash from a 1997 Ford truck is a necessary procedure if you wish to install replacement dash lights on the instrument panel or even place a new radio into the truck. It is a long process and requires quite a few tools, but it is fairly straightforward.
How do you remove the dash bezel on a truck?
Pull the headlamp switch to release the clip securing the dash bezel. Pry the trim panel on each side of the steering wheel to remove two securing bolts. Use a socket wrench to remove the bolts. Pry the bezel off the truck by pulling it off with your fingers. Unplug the electrical wiring harness before you completely remove the bezel.
How long does it take to replace HVAC motor on Ford Edge?
Please try again later. The HVAC blower motor on the Ford Edge does fail on occasion and replacement is a rather simple job of not more than 20 minutes. Simple removal and installation process. 3 screws and one or two electrical connections depending on the model of the Edge.
Can a Ford E-350 have an instrument cluster repair?
This is a completely rebuilt and pre-programmed replacement instrument cluster for your 2004 – 2007 Ford E-Series (E-150, E-250, E-350, E-450, E-550). Each instrument cluster is programmed for your specific vehicle including… This is a Ford E-Series (E-150, E-250, E-350, E-450, E-550) instrument cluster repair service for 2004 – 2007 vehicles.
This is a completely rebuilt and pre-programmed replacement instrument cluster for your 2004 – 2007 Ford E-Series (E-150, E-250, E-350, E-450, E-550). Each instrument cluster is programmed for your specific vehicle including… This is a Ford E-Series (E-150, E-250, E-350, E-450, E-550) instrument cluster repair service for 2004 – 2007 vehicles.
What kind of dashboard parts do I Need?
Dashboard Parts / any year, any model. There’s a lot to see here! Narrow your results by typing a keyword or phrase in this search field. 97-06 Wrangler TJ OEM 97-06 Wrangler TJ OEM Single Center Dash Bezel Vent, in great condition. Free Shipping! 97-98 Wrangler TJ AC/ 97-98 Wrangler TJ AC/ Heater Fan Controls Dash Switch, works great.
Can you replace an instrument cluster in a Ford Escape?
Replacing the instrument cluster with a replacement unit is not the best solution, because many replacements units often use the same faulty components as the factory cluster.
What are the problems with the Ford Escape?
These instrument clusters have a common problem with intermittent power loss, the gauges sticking, giving incorrect readings, or not working at all. Another common problem is a blank or flicking LCD/LED odometer and driver’s information screen.
Removal Ford dash & instrument cluster 2002 -2005 – YouTube Trouble With Noisy Pipes? :06 – GEICO Insurance If playback doesn’t begin shortly, try restarting your device. Videos you watch may be added to the TV’s watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer.
What do you need to remove dashboard from Ford Explorer?
Removing the dashboard from your 2003 Ford Explorer is a challenging job that can take up to four hours. The only tools required are a socket wrench, a Phillips screwdriver, and a slotted screwdriver. Removing the dashboard mainly consists of removing various screws and bolts, so it is straightforward.
Where are the wiring harnesses on a Ford Explorer?
On the driver’s side of the vehicle, disconnect all five of the electrical wiring harnesses by pulling them apart. Remove the five bolts securing the dashboard to the vehicle. These bolts are located along the edge of the dashboard, near the windshield. Pull the dashboard off the Explorer and remove it from the vehicle.
How to replace a Ford Explorer instrument panel light?
Pull the center console dashboard trim off and unplug the radio, the HVAC unit and the cigarette lighter. At this point you can pry off the dash trim around the instrument panel. Pull the instrument panel dash trim off the Explorer. Disconnect the plug behind the gear shifter.
How do you replace the kick Panel on a Ford Explorer?
Pull the kick panel out of the Explorer and remove the two cross-screws below the steering wheel with a Phillips head screwdriver. Pull down the steel plate below the steering wheel and remove the two bolts holding the trim around the steering wheel with a Phillips head screwdriver.
What kind of light bulbs does Ford Explorer use?
The Explorer’s instrument panel lights use 194LL bulbs, which can be bought at most automotive parts shops. In order to replace the bulbs, the instrument panel needs to be removed from the Explorer. This means removing the dashboard as well. Turn the Explorer’s engine off and open the hood.
Pull the center console dashboard trim off and unplug the radio, the HVAC unit and the cigarette lighter. At this point you can pry off the dash trim around the instrument panel. Pull the instrument panel dash trim off the Explorer. Disconnect the plug behind the gear shifter.
Pull the kick panel out of the Explorer and remove the two cross-screws below the steering wheel with a Phillips head screwdriver. Pull down the steel plate below the steering wheel and remove the two bolts holding the trim around the steering wheel with a Phillips head screwdriver.
The Explorer’s instrument panel lights use 194LL bulbs, which can be bought at most automotive parts shops. In order to replace the bulbs, the instrument panel needs to be removed from the Explorer. This means removing the dashboard as well. Turn the Explorer’s engine off and open the hood.
What should I do about my 2002 Ford Explorer?
Ignoring a low level leads to big problems 2002 Ford Explorer XLT 4.0L V6 Replace your air filter! Replacing a dirty air filter can improve gas mileage by up to 4%. Isn’t efficiency great?
How do I stop no air from dashboard vents?
This door is controlled by a thumb wheel that when activated will open and close the vent air flow door. Work the thumb wheel from one side to the other while checking the airflow. The flow should stop and start again, if the thumb wheel does not make a difference the problem is somewhere else.
Why does my Ford Explorer have no heat?
The blend door actuator motor went bad, as well as the gears on the door itself. Bad design by Ford, for it has such weak teeth on both the door and actuator motor. Replaced the door and still having clicking and the heat will not stay on. If I turn the motor down to 1 or 2 my heat automatically turns to cold air. Ridiculous!
Are there any problems with the 2005 Ford Explorer?
CarComplaints.com Notes: The 2002-2005 Explorer has a very well-established record of expensive transmission failure at under 100k miles. The Explorer has an enclosed transmission which is typically replaced with a rebuilt transmission at a cost of almost $3,000. Read more »
Is there a recall on the Ford Explorer?
IS THERE A RECALL ON THIS. IT SHOULD BE WHEN EVERYONE SEEMS TO HAVE THE SAME ISSUE. NO MORE FORD PURCHASES OF ANYKIND FOR ME. The blend door actuator motor went bad, as well as the gears on the door itself. Bad design by Ford, for it has such weak teeth on both the door and actuator motor.
How do you remove dashboard trim from a truck?
Remove the two gold bolts and remove the glove compartment. Remove the six bolts on the upper dashboard trim by the windshield. Pull the upper dashboard trim out of the vehicle. Remove the two bolts from both the driver’s side and passenger’s side kick panels and pull them out of the truck.
How do you remove a defrost control panel from a refrigerator?
You might also have to release the cover of the temperature sensor on the right side and release the sensor from the cover before pulling the cover out. Pull the bottom of the panel out slightly to release it and then remove the panel from the freezer compartment. PHOTO: Remove the back panel. 05.
Where are the defrost components in a whirlpool refrigerator?
The procedure for accessing defrost components in the bottom freezer compartment is basically the same for many Whirlpool, Maytag, Amana, Samsung, Frigidaire, Electrolux and GE refrigerators. 01. Safely store any food that could deteriorate while the refrigerator is shut off.
You might also have to release the cover of the temperature sensor on the right side and release the sensor from the cover before pulling the cover out. Pull the bottom of the panel out slightly to release it and then remove the panel from the freezer compartment. PHOTO: Remove the back panel. 05.
When to replace the defrost Assembly on a refrigerator?
Less commonly, a shorted defrost heater or faulty wiring could blow the fuse. In both cases, the freezer won’t defrost and the electronic display panel shows an error code. Replace the defrost assembly with a manufacturer-approved replacement part if the defrost sensor fails or the fuse blows.
Why are all the gauges on my Ford Explorer going out?
If any of those gauges should happen to go out, you can be missing a major problem with your vehicle and not even know it. Sometimes it’s the sending units that are bad; other times it’s the instrument cluster itself, which is common in some years of Ford Explorer.
How do you remove the gauge cluster from a car?
Gently pull the bezel off the dashboard, exposing the gauge cluster assembly. Unbolt the gauge cluster from the dashboard, using a 1/4-inch ratchet, extension and socket. Place the bolts to the side for use in reinstallation. Pull out the gauge cluster with both hands, holding it securely.
Where are the Phillips head screws on a 1998 Ford Explorer?
In this case, the project vehicle is a 1998 Ford Explorer, but the process is similar for other vehicles as well. Unscrew the two Phillips-head screws from the bezel that goes around the gauge cluster, using a Phillips-head screwdriver. Gently pull the bezel off the dashboard, exposing the gauge cluster assembly.
Where are the bulbs on the instrument panel?
The bulbs are located on the underside of the front of the instrument panel. Pull out any bulbs you wish to replace. Install new bulbs in their place, making sure they click into position. Reassemble the instrument panel and the dashboard.
Removing the dashboard from your 2003 Ford Explorer is a challenging job that can take up to four hours. The only tools required are a socket wrench, a Phillips screwdriver, and a slotted screwdriver. Removing the dashboard mainly consists of removing various screws and bolts, so it is straightforward.
On the driver’s side of the vehicle, disconnect all five of the electrical wiring harnesses by pulling them apart. Remove the five bolts securing the dashboard to the vehicle. These bolts are located along the edge of the dashboard, near the windshield. Pull the dashboard off the Explorer and remove it from the vehicle.