What is phenytoin sodium used for?

Phenytoin is a medicine used to treat epilepsy. It can also be used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, a type of nerve pain that affects your face. Phenytoin is available on prescription. It comes as tablets that can be chewed or dissolved in water, capsules and a liquid that you swallow.

What is heterocyclic ring present in phenytoin?

Phenytoin sodium is related to the barbiturates in chemical structure, but has a five-membered ring. The chemical name is sodium 5,5-diphenyl-2, 4-imidazolidinedione, having the following structural formula: Each Dilantin— 100 mg Extended Oral Capsule—contains 100 mg phenytoin sodium.

How can phenytoin be characterized?

Phenytoin is a hydantoin derivative and a non-sedative antiepileptic agent with anticonvulsant activity. Phenytoin potentially acts by promoting sodium efflux from neurons located in the motor cortex reducing post-tetanic potentiation at synapses.

What is phenytoin chemical formula?

C15H12N2O2
Phenytoin/Formula

What is phenytoin sodium side effects?

Headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, feeling of spinning, drowsiness, trouble sleeping, or nervousness may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Phenytoin may cause swelling and bleeding of the gums.

What does phenytoin do to the brain?

Phenytoin works by slowing down impulses in the brain that cause seizures. Phenytoin is used to control seizures. It does not treat all types of seizures, and your doctor will determine if it is the right medicine for you.

Is phenytoin lipophilic or hydrophilic?

Phenytoin is a lipophilic molecule that is poorly soluble in water and thus it was expected to show good solubility when incorporated into lipid based formulation. It belongs to the class II drugs of BCS [392] .

Is phenytoin soluble in water?

Phenytoin is a white, odorless powder at room temperature (Ak- ron 2009). It is practically insoluble in water, but it is soluble in ace- tone, ethanol, and alkali hydroxides (IARC 1996).

What is the classification of phenytoin?

Phenytoin is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants. It works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

What is the principle for synthesis of phenytoin?

Principle: Base catalyzed reaction between benzyl and urea is used for synthesis of phenytoin. The reaction is proceeding via intramolecular cyclization to form an intermediate heterocylic pinacol, which on acidification yield hydantoin (phenytoin) as a result of 1,2-diphenyl shift in pinacol rearrangement reaction.

What class is procainamide?

Procainamide is a medication used to manage and treat ventricular arrhythmias, supraventricular arrhythmias, atrial flutter/fibrillation, and Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome. It is in the antiarrhythmic Agent Class 1A class of medications.