What is Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behavior?
What is Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behavior?
Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors (DRA) and differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors (DRI) are both procedures designed to decrease the rate of targeted unwanted behaviors. For example, if the unwanted behavior were out of seat, a physically incompatible behavior would be staying in seat.
What is an example of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior?
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA) DRA involves reinforcing a behavior that serves as an alternative to the inappropriate behavior. A good example of this would be a child who demands food from his parents. Each time the child makes a demand, his parents would ignore him.
What are the types of differential reinforcement?
Types of Differential Reinforcement
- Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)
- Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)
- Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)
- Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL)
What are the benefits of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior?
This is often easier to implement and mitigates the side effects associated with extinction. Differential reinforcement without extinction adjusts the amount, immediacy, or quality of reinforcement for appropriate and inappropriate behavior so that appropriate behavior results in a more desirable reinforcer.
How do you use a DRA?
The DRA is administered individually to students by teachers and/or reading specialists. Students read a selection (or selections) and then retell what they have read to the examiner. As the levels increase, so does the difficulty level for each selection.
What is reinforcement in Organisational Behaviour?
Reinforcement is a process in which someone is given a reward (i.e., “positive reinforcement”) or is spared an unpleasant consequence (i.e., ” negative reinforcement “) to incentivize a certain desirable behavior. Incentive programs (e.g., bonuses, commissions, etc.)
What is the difference between differential reinforcement of alternative behavior DRA and differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior DRI?
The Real Difference Between DRA and DRI As stated earlier: If the alternative behavior you choose to reinforce is incompatible with the target behavior, then the intervention is a DRI procedure. If the alternative behavior is not incompatible with the target behavior, then the intervention is a DRO procedure.
How is differential reinforcement used in behavior analysis?
Differential reinforcement is a fundamental principle of behavior analysis that has led to the development of a set of procedures used as treatment for problem behavior (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007). One of the most frequently used of these procedures is the differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA).
What does it mean to withhold differential reinforcement?
Withholding reinforcement when using differential reinforcement essentially means ignoring inappropriate behavior. In most cases, this means not making eye contact, remaining silent, and moving away. Withholding reinforcement often causes the behavior to escalate before it begins to improve, so implementing it requires consistency and patience.
When to use differential reinforcement in Dra without extinction?
When considering variables that contribute to the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of DRA without extinction as a treatment for problem behavior, it is helpful to conceptualize differential reinforcement procedures in terms of a concurrent-operants arrangement (e.g., Fisher et al., 1993; Mace & Roberts, 1993).
How is positive reinforcement used in behavior modification?
One way of giving positive reinforcement in behavior modification is in providing compliments, approval, encouragement, and affirmation; a ratio of five compliments for every one complaint is generally seen as being effective in altering behavior in a desired manner and even in producing stable marriages.
