What is citrinin used for?
What is citrinin used for?
Citrinin was first recognized as a promising antibiotic but it was later found to cause kidney damage, retard growth, and eventually cause death in animals. Citrinin was isolated in the 1930s and produced by Penicillium citrinum; however, P. verrucosum is also known to produce the toxin.
What is the effect of citrinin?
Citrinin has been known to be nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and carcinogenic to humans and animals. Citrinin, like OTA, has been reported to be a potential risk factor for human Balkan endemic nephropathy, originally described as a chronic tubulointerstitial kidney disease in southeastern Europe (Bamias and Boletis, 2008).
What foods contain citrinin?
Citrinin has mainly been found in rice, wheat, flour, barley, maize, rye, oats, peanuts and fruit and may co-occur in cereals with ochratoxin A. However, there is limited evidence of it surviving unchanged into cereal food products. The synthesis of citrinin was reported in 1949.
How do you detox from citrinin?
The citrinin was completely detoxified by prior incubation with 0.05% hydrogen peroxide for 30 min at room temperature, and the toxic compound(s) that resulted from heating citrinin at 100 degrees C were also detoxified upon reheating it with hydrogen peroxide.
What molds produce Citrinin?
What Moulds Produce Citrinin? Citrinin is produced by the mold genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus.
Is Citrinin a mycotoxin?
Citrinin (CIT) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are mycotoxins produced by several species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Monascus.
How do you treat high Citrinin?
What does it mean if your Citrinin (Dihydrocitrinone DHC) result is too high? To treat possible fungal infections caused by mold exposure patients can take pharmaceutical medications such as itraconazole or nystatin.
What can I eat on a low mold diet?
Foods to Focus On When Detoxing From Mold
- Leafy greens like kale and spinach.
- Cruciferous vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli.
- Onions and garlic.
- Most other vegetables, from asparagus to zucchini.
- Herbs like basil, thyme, and cilantro.
- Spices like ginger, cinnamon, and turmeric.
- Organic butter and ghee.
What foods have no mycotoxins?
Pasture-raised poultry, such as chicken, chicken eggs, turkey, or pheasants are great options. Grass-fed, organic meat, such as beef, lamb, and venison are also great choices. Please ensure that these animals are not grain-fed, as the meat can become contaminated by the mycotoxins in the grain feed.
Is Citrinin an aflatoxin?
citrinum, and P. verrucosum are well known toxigenic fungi to produce aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and citrinin [13] and they were examined for their mycotoxins producing potentiality.
Where do you find Citrinin?
Background: Citrinin is a mycotoxin produced by several species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Monascus and it occurs mainly in stored grain. Citrinin is generally formed after harvest and occurs mainly in stored grains, it also occurs in other plant products.
Does oatmeal contain mold?
Similar to nuts, oats actually contain oil (the good kind, of course!), which makes oats at risk for mold, and they can turn rancid if not harvested and dried correctly, which is especially common with U.S. and Canadian grown oats.
