How would you describe a normal optic disc?

How would you describe a normal optic disc?

A normal optic disc is orange to pink in colour may vary based on ethnicity. A pale disc is an optic disc which varies in colour from a pale pink or orange colour to white. A pale disc is an indication of a disease condition.

What should a normal optic disc look like?

Typically the optic disc looks like an orange-pink donut with a pale centre. The orange-pink appearance represents healthy, well perfused neuro-retinal tissue. There are many pathological reasons why a disc may lose this orange-pink colour and appear pale ie optic atrophy.

What is a normal CD ratio?

The normal cup to disc ratio (the diameter of the cup divided by the diameter of the whole nerve head or disc) is about 1/3 or 0.3. There is some normal variation here, with some people having almost no cup (thus having 1/10 or 0.1), and others having 4/5ths or 0.8 as a cup to disc ratio.

How would you describe a normal Fundoscopic exam?

Normal Fundus. The disk has sharp margins and is normal in color, with a small central cup. Arterioles and venules have normal color, sheen, and course. Background is in normal color. The macula is enclosed by arching temporal vessels.

What is a Fundoscopic eye exam?

(fun-DOS-koh-pee) An exam that uses a magnifying lens and a light to check the fundus of the eye (back of the inside of the eye, including the retina and optic nerve). The pupils may be dilated (enlarged) with medicated eye drops so the doctor can see through the pupil to the back of the eye.

What is a normal eye pressure?

Eye pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Normal eye pressure ranges from 10-21 mm Hg. Ocular hypertension is an eye pressure of greater than 21 mm Hg.

What is normal optic disc size?

We studied the size, shape, and configuration of connective tissue of the optic disc in normal eye-bank eyes from 60 adults. The mean vertical and horizontal disc diameters were 1.88 and 1.77 mm, respectively. These figures are larger than most estimates of disc diameter using clinical image analysis methods.

What can a fundoscopy see?

Fundoscopy typically reveals severe tortuosity, engorgement of retinal veins, deep haemorrhages, cotton wool spots and optic disc swelling.

Why is a fundoscopy important?

Fundoscopy is fundamental for the GP, as it may help to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of many common diseases. Nevertheless, there are clinical entities where ophthalmoscopy should be performed by an ophthalmologist, in order to be more specific and accurate, and GP should be able to recognise these cases.

Is eye pressure of 9 normal?

Normal eye pressure is usually considered 10 to 21 mmHg. Despite this being the “normal” range, there are many people with pressures of 22-28 that we describe as ocular hypertension who don’t seem to manifest any glaucoma damage. Also, there are many people with pressures under 21 who develop glaucoma.

What is normal eye pressure for seniors?

This measures the level of pressure inside your eye—the telltale sign of glaucoma. Normal levels of pressure range from 12 to 22 millimeters of Mercury (mm Hg) in your eye, so anything above that range signals that not enough fluid is escaping.

What is disc diameter?

The disc-macula: disc diameter (DM:DD) ratio is the ratio of the horizontal distance between the center of the optic disc and the macula to the mean diameter of the optic disc, as evaluated from fundus photographs.

What should the optic disc look like in an adult?

Normal fundus – adult. The optic disc appears pink with sharp margins and a cup-to-disc ratio of approximately 0.35. The vasculature is normal in course and caliber. The striated sheen radiating outward from the disc is evidence of a healthy retinal nerve fiber layer. There are no lesions, scars, or pigmentary changes in the macula or periphery.

How is the optic disc of a 35 year old fundus?

This is a color fundus photograph of a 35-year-old healthy patient. The media are clear, providing a crisp view of the fundus. The optic disc appears pink with sharp margins and a cup-to-disc ratio of approximately 0.35. The vasculature is normal in course and caliber.

How to find the retina with a fundoscopic exam?

Technique –> Finding the Retina 1 Darken room, ask patient to look at the same point as far as possible in the room (this will help to dilate the pupil). 2 Wedge scope against your cheek with hand and then head/hand/scope should move as one unit. 3 Use your right hand & your right eye to look at the patient’s right eye.

What should I look for in a fundoscopic exam?

This should include identification of the red reflex, followed by evaluation of the arterioles and veins, characteristics of the retina, then identification of the optic disc. Evaluation of the disc includes examining its margins, color, the presence of pigmented rings or crescents, and the size of the physiologic cup.