What is the most common form of cyclodextrin used in pharmaceuticals?
What is the most common form of cyclodextrin used in pharmaceuticals?
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic (α-1,4)-linked oligosaccharides of α-d-glucopyranose [1]. The most common forms of CDs are α-, β-, and γ-CDs. They are made up of six, seven, and eight α-d-glucopyranose units, respectively (Fig. 5.1) [2,3].
What is a cyclodextrin and what is it used for?
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides used for the improvement of water-solubility and bioavailability of drugs.
What are the types of cyclodextrins?
In nature, cyclodextrins are available in three different forms α, β, and γ based on the number of number of glucose monomers. The number of glucose monomers in α, β, and γ cyclodextrin is 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Cyclodextrins have a lipophilic central core with hydrophilic outer surfaces.
How is cyclodextrin administered?
When administered orally, cyclodextrins are not absorbed from gastrointestinal tract and thus are practically nontoxic. This is due to their bulky and hydrophilic nature. Any absorption, if it occurs, is by passive diffusion.
Why cyclodextrin is used in drug delivery?
In the pharmaceutical industry cyclodextrins have mainly been used as complexing agents to increase aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs, and to increase their bioavailability and stability.
Which type of cyclodextrin are safe for drug delivery by the US FDA?
Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin are all generally recognized as safe by the U.S. FDA. They have been applied for delivery of a variety of drugs, including hydrocortisone, prostaglandin, nitroglycerin, itraconazol, chloramphenicol. The cyclodextrin confers solubility and stability to these drugs.
What is beta cyclodextrin used for?
Cyclodextrins, and expecially beta ones, are widely used in the pharmaceutical field for their ability of improving the solubility and the stability of drugs by complex formation at the solid state.
What drugs contain cyclodextrin?
Introduction
| Drug/cyclodextrin | Trade name | Formulation |
|---|---|---|
| Itraconazole | Sporanox | Oral and intravenous solution |
| Mitomycin | MitoExtra, Mitozytrex | Intravenous infusion |
| Sulfobutylether β-cyclodextrin sodium salt (SBEβCD) | ||
| Aripiprazole | Abilify | Intramuscular solution |
What is 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin used for?
2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CyD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide that is widely used as an enabling excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, but also as a cholesterol modifier.
What is 2 hydroxypropyl B cyclodextrin used for?
Are there any supramolecular systems based on cyclodextrin?
There has been increasing interest recently to fabricate supramolecular systems for drug and gene delivery based on cyclodextrin materials. This review focuses on state of the art and recent advances in the construction of cyclodextrin-based assemblies and their applications for controlled drug delivery.
What can cyclodextrin be used for in biomedical applications?
The excellent biocompatibility and unique inclusion capability as well as powerful functionalization capacity of cyclodextrins and their derivatives make them especially attractive for engineering novel functional materials for biomedical applications.
How are CDs used to build supramolecular systems?
CDs and their derivatives have been successfully employed to construct supramolecular systems across length scales and to engineer novel functional materials, taking full advantage of host–guest interactions between the CD units and guest molecules [27], [28], [29], [30].
