Is etomidate neuroprotective?
Is etomidate neuroprotective?
Some preclinical studies have demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of etomidate through a depression of cerebral metabolism, the inhibition of postischemic hyperemia, and attenuation of vascular-mediated inflammation [50–54].
Why is propofol neuroprotective?
MECHANISMS OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PROPOFOL. Most anesthetic agents are neuroprotective because of their ability to reduce the CMRO2, which has a beneficial impact on the balance between brain energy supply and demand, and because they increase neuronal tolerance to hypoxic/ischemic injury.
How does propofol work on the brain?
Propofol acts on the GABA-A receptor to exert a sedative and hypnotic effect. Whether propofol exerts its anesthetic efficacy by mediating GABA-A receptors in the NB brain region is less reported.
How does etomidate work?
Etomidate acts on the CNS to stimulate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and, in doing so, depresses the reticular activating system. The electroencephalogram (EEG) changes are similar to those produced by barbiturates as the patient passes rapidly through light to deep levels of surgical anesthesia.
What are the effects of etomidate?
Side effects include: Injection site pain, skeletal muscle movements (e.g., myoclonic, averting, tonic, or ocular movements), postoperative nausea and vomiting. Myoclonus occurs frequently.
What is the difference between propofol and etomidate?
Propofol (propofol 1%) has a smooth and rapid induction, rapid recovery, cerebro-protective effect but it causes hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression pain on injection. Etomidate is a hypnotic agent causing minimal histamine release and very stable hemodynamic profile.
Is propofol neuroprotective?
Propofol is a short-acting intravenous anaesthetic agent and widely used not only in operating rooms but also in the intensive care unit (ICU). Apart from its multiple anaesthetic advantages, the neuroprotective effect of propofol has been demonstrated in diverse models of neuronal injury.
Is propofol Cerebroprotective?
Despite the experimental results and the positive effects on cerebral physiology (propofol reduces cerebral blood flow but maintains coupling with cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen and decreases intracranial pressure, allowing optimal intraoperative conditions during neurosurgical operations), no clinical study has …
What is the mechanism of action for propofol?
Like most intravenous anesthetics, Propofol works by increasing GABA-mediated inhibatory tone in the CNS. Propofol decreases the rate of dissociation of the GABA from the receptor, thereby increasing the duration of the GABA-activated opening of the chloride channel with resulting hyperpolarization of cell membranes.
What is etomidate used for?
Etomidate is a commonly used sedative during rapid sequence intubation (RSI). Septic patients have an increased risk of developing adrenal suppression, which has been associated with increased mortality in some studies. [16] Since etomidate affects cortisol production, its use in septic patients is controversial.
How does etomidate affect the body?
Etomidate produces less apnea than barbiturates or propofol, no histamine release, and very rare allergic reactions. Because of its remarkably benign hemodynamic effects, etomidate has proven useful for general anesthetic induction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and those with poor cardiac function.
What are the side effects of succinylcholine?
Common side effects of succinylcholine include:
- Jaw rigidity.
- Low blood pressure (hypotension)
- Muscle fasciculation may result in postoperative pain.
- Muscle relaxation resulting in respiratory depression to the point of breathing cessation (apnea)
- Respiratory depression.
- Salivary gland enlargement.
